Advantages and Disadvantages of Radio Communication

Radio Communication has Advantages and Disadvantages:

==Advantages==

* A universal medium. Can be enjoyed at home, at work, and 

while driving. Most people listen to the radio at one time or

another during the day. 

* Permits you to target your advertising dollars to the market 

most likely to respond to your offer.

* Permits you to create a personality for your business using

only sounds and voices.


* Free creative help is usually available.

* Rates can generally be negotiated. 

* Least inflated medium. During the past ten years, radio 

rates have gone up less than other media. 

==Disadvantages==

* Because radio listeners are spread over many stations, to 

 totally saturate your market you have to advertise 

 simultaneously on many stations. 

* Listeners cannot refer back to your ads to go over important

 points. 

* Ads are an interruption to the entertainment. Because of 

 this, radio ads must be repeated to break through the

 listener's "tune out" factor. 

* Radio is a background medium. Most listeners are doing

 something else while listening, which means your ad has to

 work hard to be listened to and understood.

* Advertising costs are based on ratings which are

 approximations based on diaries kept in a relatively small

 fraction of a region's homes.

 
* Not as fast as using a phone; could take a little bit. 

* The line could get fuzzy, or not clear.

Frequency Modulation (FM)

In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. This contrasts with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant. In analog applications, the difference between the instantaneous and the base frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input-signal amplitude. Digital data can be sent by shifting the carrier's frequency among a range of settings, a technique known as frequency-shift keying. FSK (digital FM) is widely used in data and fax modems. Morse code transmission has been sent this way, and FASK was used in early telephone-line modems. Radio teletype also uses FSK. FM modulation is also used in telemetry, radar, seismic prospecting and newborn EEG seizure monitoring. Frequency modulation is known as phase modulation when the carrier phase modulation is the time integral of the FM signal. FM is widely used for broadcasting music and speech, two-way radio systems, magnetic tape-recording systems and some video-transmission systems. In radio systems, frequency modulation with sufficient bandwidth provides an advantage in cancelling naturally-occurring noise.

My Favorite Radio Station

Every time I heard the word “tugstugan na” one thing came into my mind and that was my favorite radio station "barangay ls 97.1."

This station is not boring because of the Dj’s. 

The Dj's are not corny and exaggerated. Even though their jokes are corny and waley, you will still laugh because they can deliver it nicely. The tune of their voice are funny and the way they deliver it. Their advice have sense and you can get some moral knowledge.

The programs that I always listened to are:

• Potpot and Friends
• Balita sa Barangay
• Kwentong Barangay
• Talk to Papa
• Bida sa Barangay
• Batak-balitaktak (Sponsored by: Revicon Forte: Lakas Na 'Di Umaayaw)
• Wanted Sweetheart
• Big 10
• Mark Bautista Bakit
• Barangay Love Stories
• Barangay Love Songs

The Disc Jockeys or Dj's are:

• Papa Baldo
• Papa Bodjie
• Papa Dan (formerly Dan the Man/Mr. Dreamboy)
• Papa Dudut
• Papa Jepoy
• Papa Kiko
• Papa Obet
• Papa Tolits
• Mama Belle
• Mama Cy (Pinch-hitter)
• Ate Liza (formerly Hot Lips Leeza/Churvilyn)
• Chikotita

Barangay LS 97.1 is the best among the rest<3

Pandora Radio History

Pandora Radio is an automated music recommendation service and custodian of the Music Genome Project available only in the United States. The service plays musical selections similar to song suggestions entered by a user. The user provides positive or negative feedback for songs chosen by the service, which are taken into account for future selections.

While listening, users are offered the ability to buy the songs or albums at various online retailers. Over 400 different musical attributes are considered when selecting the next song. These 400 attributes are combined into larger groups called focus traits. There are 2,000 focus traits. Examples of these are rhythm syncopation, key tonality, vocal harmonies, and displayed instrumental proficiency.

The Pandora media player is based on OpenLaszlo. Pandora can also be accessed through many stand-alone players, such as the Roku DVP (formerly Netflix player) Reciva-based radios (from companies like Grace Digital, Sanyo, and Sangean), Frontier Silicon-based connected audio systems, Slim Devices, and Sonos product(s). On July 11, 2008, Pandora launched a mobile version of their software for the Apple iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch through the iTunes App Store. Pandora is also available for Android phones, BlackBerry platforms, HP webOS(used on the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, Palm Pre 2, and HP Veer), and Windows Mobile devices. Pandora was the provider for MSN Radio until MSN discontinued their internet radio service on June 18, 2008. A modified version of Pandora has been made available for Sprint Nextel.

The service has two subscription plans: a free subscription supported by advertisements, and a fee-based subscription without ads. There are also advertisements in Pandora Mobile for mobile phones and the Pandora in The Home computer appliance. Most users choose the free subscription. As of IPO, Pandora had 80,000 artists, 800,000 tracks in its library and 80 million users.

In May 2010, Pandora was named in Lead411's 2010 Hottest San Francisco Companies list.In January 2011, Pandora met with bankers to consider a possible $100 million IPO. The company filed with the SEC for a $100mm IPO on February 11, 2011 and officially began trading on the New York Stock Exchange with ticker symbol "P" on June 15, 2011 at a price of $16/share. This gave them a valuation of nearly $2.6 billion.

During its 2011 fiscal year, Pandora reported $138 million in revenue with a $1.8 million net loss, excluding the cost of a special dividend associated with the IPO. 

The Dawn of FM Radio

The story of FM radio is one of success and tragedy. In the mid-30s, Major Edwin Armstrong, an inventor who had already devised a successful circuit to improve AM radio, came up with a whole new approach to transmitting radio signals. Armstrong was clearly a technical genius. Although his life was cut short, he's still considered the most prolific inventor in radio's history. Even though he had improved AM radio in significant ways, Armstrong was well aware of AM radio's major limitations: ·         static interference from household appliances and lighting ·         limited audio quality (frequency response and dynamic range) ·         nighttime interference between many stations (co-channel interference), because of ionospheric refraction Armstrong's new approach to encoding audio for transmission eliminated these problems.  Armstrong took his invention to a friend, David Sarnof, who was head of RCA and who said he would help him develop it. RCA bought into the patents and helped Armstrong develop an experimental radio station. But, then it became evident that Sarnof and RCA were out to protect their existing AM radio empire and they didn't want the competition from a new (although much better) form of radio.  Years of costly legal battles ensued that RCA could afford and Armstrong couldn't. Among other things RCA closed down the FM station that they had helped Armstrong build.

Strongly believing in his invention, Armstrong started to develop FM radio on his own. He sold rights to manufacture FM radios to several companies. By 1941, 50 FM stations were on the air. Then the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. The ensuing war diverted resources and froze development. David Sarnof and RCA, still out to hold control of their radio empire, pressured the FCC to change all of the FM radio frequencies — a move they knew would instantly obsolete all of the exiting FM radios, and cause Armstrong to lose his personal investment in FM radio. Listeners were understandably upset at having their radios suddenly rendered useless. And having been "burned once," they were reluctant to immediately go out and buy new FM radios. Since most radio station owners didn't want to go to the expense of creating high-fidelity programming just for their FM stations, the FCC allowed them to simulcast — simultaneously broadcast the same programming on both their AM and FM stations. Of course, this didn't show off FM's quality advantages and it did nothing to help the cause of FM. (Years later, the FCC ruled against the practice of simulcasting.) Once TV started to evolve (to be covered in an upcoming module), interest in FM radio further diminished and by 1949, many FM stations had shut down.  Although Armstrong tried to fight for his superior radio system, RCA continued to tie him up with years of legal battles. These both sapped his creative energies and drained his financial resources. On January 31, 1954, Edwin Armstrong, gave up his long, taxing battle against Sarnof and RCA. He wrote a note to his wife apologizing for what he was about to do, removed the air conditioner from his 13th story New York apartment, and jumped to his death. A few weeks later RCA announced record profits. Armstrong never lived to see the great success of his invention. Nor will we know what other inventions this genius of electronics might have contributed if his personal and financial resources hadn't been devastated by years of legal battles. Once FM radio started to make money, RCA quickly started pushing its development and subsequently made millions of dollars from the sale of FM transmitters and equipment. As you can see from the graph below, FM radio not only climbed out of the cellar of popularity after Armstrong's death, but today it leads AM radio in both number of stations and listeners. The green line represents the growth of noncommercial and National Public Radio (NPR) stations. We'll cover public broadcasting — both radio and television — in an upcoming module.